These parts of the cycle simulate urban and suburban driving and driving on extra-urban roads and motorways.

The WLTP test consists of four parts depending on the maximum speed: Low (up to 56.5 km/h), Medium (up to 76.6 km/h), High (up to 97.4 km/h), Extra-high (up to 131.3 km/h). The distance travelled doubles from 11 to 23.25 kilometers. The maximum speed increases from 120 to 131.3 km/ h, the average speed is 46.5 km/h and the total cycle time is 30 minutes, 10 minutes more than the previous NEDC. The new WLTP procedure is characterized by a more dynamic driving proﬁle with more signiﬁcant acceleration. The new protocol aims to provide customers with more realistic data, better reﬂecting the daily use of the vehicle. WLTP procedure: WLTP uses new Worldwide harmonised Light-duty vehicle Test Cycles (WLTC) to measure fuel consumption, CO2 and pollutant emissions from passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. The average speed of the NEDC is only 34 km/h, accelerations are low and the maximum speed is just 120 km/h. However, the composition of this cycle is no longer consistent with current driving styles and distances travelled on different types of roads. In 1992 it was also considered to have an extra-urban phase and since 1997 it has been used for measuring consumption and CO2 emissions. The ﬁrst European driving cycle came into force in 1970 and referred to an urban route.

NEDC (New European Driving Cycle): it has been the European driving cycle used so far for the measurement of fuel consumption and emissions from passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. On 1 September 2017, the new Worldwide harmonised Light-duty vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) came into force in Europe and will gradually replace the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) protocol. This is important because only a laboratory test, which follows a standardized and repeatable procedure, allows consumers to compare different car models. In this way, the tests are reproducible and the results comparable. The tests to assess fuel consumption, CO2 and pollutant emissions are carried out in the laboratory and are based on speciﬁc driving cycles.

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